If you are looking for Low Back pain Physiotherapy treatment and exercise related information then this article is informative for you, Here we update Low Back pain cause, symptoms, Diagnosis of Back pain and common Medical and Physiotherapy treatment and exercise details.
Low Back pain is the most common symptoms seen mostly each and everyone one in a lifetime, Low Back area lumbo-sacral area which are responsible for Back movement such as Back flexion, Extension, side flexion and rotational movement, lift mostly upper body in day to day activity.
Higher the usage higher the chances of wear and tear around Back may lead to Back pain. Lumbo-sacral junction where L-4-5, s-1 is located where higher Back movement as compared to other lumbar and sacral vertebrae, so mostly l-4-5 and s-1 vertebrae related degenerative and Disc related Low Back pain.
Related Anatomy of Low Back Pain :
There are too many Causes Of Low Back Pain, to understand of Anatomy ( Structure Of Body) Particularly Low Back Area is beneficial for Diagnosis/Cause Of Low Back Pain. Low Back area have Lumbar Spine, Sacral Spine, Related Disc (Discs between the vertebrae) ligaments around the spine and discs, spinal cord and nerves, Paraspinal muscles of the low back, internal organs of the pelvis and abdomen, and the skin around the lumbar area.
The Lower back is working with complex structure of muscles, ligaments, tendons, disks, and bones, which work together to support the body and enable us to move around.
The Lower lumbar and sacral Vertebrae is worked Together Make Lower Back Area can provide a movement that support structure while also Providing protection from the spinal cord from injury. The spinal cord is composed of nervous tissue that extends down the spinal column from the brain.
Each vertebra has a spinous process, a bony prominence behind the spinal cord, which protect the cord’s nervous tissue from impact trauma. Vertebrae also have a strong bony “body” (vertebral body) in front of the spinal cord to provide a platform suitable for weight bearing of all tissues above the buttocks. The lumbar paraspinal muscles responsible for lumbar movement such as flexion, extension and rotational movement, which are we use in day to day activity.
Movement/Function Of Low Back :
Understanding or Functioning Of Low Back And Bio-Mechanics Of Low Back is Also Important to make proper treatment plan.
There Are Too Many Importance function Of Lower Back ( Lumbar Area ) in human body. These Importance Are Like structural support, movement, and protection of certain body tissues.
When we stand,Walk the lower back is functioning to support the weight of the upper body. When we bend, extend, or rotate at the Lower Back, Weight is Lifted By Mostly Lower Back Muscle Mainly Back Extensor Muscle And Back Core Muscle While Back Flexion Are Used Mainly as a Stabilizer Of Lower Back.
Low Back Also Protecting the soft tissues of the nervous system and spinal cord as well as nearby organs of the pelvis and abdomen is a critical function the lumbar spine and Related muscles of the low back.
Cause Of Low Back Pain :
There are too many causes of low Back pain , following are few most common causes, However it may variable person to person or mix of causes.
Most common causes of back pain are :
- strained muscles
- sprain ligaments
- a paraspinal muscle spasm
- muscle tension (Tightness of muscle)
- Disc Bulging - damaged disks
- injuries, fractures, or fall On Low Back
Activities that can lead to strains or spasms include:
- lifting something improperly. ( Incorrect Lifting Technique )
- lifting something that is too heavy.
- making a jerky and awkward movement.
- occupational causes such as job in which lifting activity required continuously.
Structural Body parts Around Low Back Can Cause Pain :
Bulging disks/Ruptured disks: Each vertebra in the spine is cushioned by disk like structure. Mostly Heavy lifting activity causes pressure on disc and sometimes disk ruptures this may leads to pressure on a nerve, resulting in Low back Radiating pain.
Sciatica pain: A sharp and shooting pain travels through the buttock and down the back of the leg, caused by a bulging or herniated disk pressing on a nerve.
Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis can cause problems with the joints in the hips, lower back, and other places. In some cases, the space around the spinal cord narrows. This is known as spinal Canal stenosis.
Abnormal curvature of the spine: If the spine curves in an unusual way, back pain can result. An example is scoliosis, Lordosis, in which the spine curves to the one side.
Osteoporosis: Bones, including the vertebrae of the spine, become brittle and porous, making compression fractures more likely.
Kidney problems: Kidney stones or kidney infection can cause back pain.
Wrong Movement and Poor posture Can Cause Pain in Low Back :
Poor Posture & wrong Movement pattern May Lead To Back pain Are :
- Jerky twisting movement
- Too Much coughing or sneezing
- Muscle tightness
- over Exercise-stretching
- bending awkwardly or for prolonged time
- Over pushing, pulling, lifting, or carrying something
- standing or sitting for prolonged periods
- straining the Back forward, such as when driving or using a computer
- long driving sessions without a break, even when not hunched
- sleeping on a mattress that does not support the body and keep the spine straight.
Disease Around Low Back :
Few Medical Disease also responsible for low Back Pain :
Cauda equina syndrome : The cauda equine is a bundle of spinal nerve roots that starts from the lower end of the spinal cord. Symptoms include a dull aching pain in the lower back and upper buttocks, as well as numbness in the buttocks, genitalia, and thighs. There are sometimes bowel and bladder function also lost in sever cases.
Tumor of the spine: A tumor on the spine may press against a nerve, resulting in back pain.
Infection of the spine: A fever and a tender, warm area on the back could be due to an infection of the spine.
Spina bifida : is a form of birth defect known as a neural tube defect. Spina bifida results from an incomplete formation of the brain, spinal cord, and/or meninges in an infant.
Paget’s disease of bone is a condition of unknown cause in which the bone formation is out of synchrony with normal bone remodeling. This condition results in abnormally weakened bone and deformity and can cause localized bone pain.
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) : is a form of Rheumatoid disease that mainly affects the spine, although other joints can become involved. It causes inflammation of the spinal joints (vertebrae) that can lead to severe, chronic pain and discomfort. In more severe cases this inflammation can lead to ankylosis — new bone formation in the spine – causing sections of the spine to fuse in a fixed, immobile position.
Rheumatoid Arthtitis : Like RA and Other Disease Cause Pain Around Low Back Pain With Other Joint Pain.
Other infections: Pelvic inflammatory disease, bladder, or kidney infections may also lead to back pain.
Sleep disorders: Individuals with sleep disorders are more likely to experience Low back pain, compared with others.
Shingles: An infection that can affect the nerves may lead to back pain. This depends on which nerves are affected.
Risk factors For Low Back Pain :
The following factors are Increase for developing low back pain :
- occupational activities eg.Over-activity where Back lifting required too many times a day.
- pregnancy
- a sedentary lifestyle
- poor physical fitness
- older age
- obesity and excess weight
- smoking/Alcohol/Drugs
- Over physical exercise or work, especially if done incorrectly
- genetic factors
- medical conditions, such as Rheumatoid Disease and Tumor
Lower back pain also tends to be more common in women than in men, possibly due to hormonal factors. Stress, anxiety, and mood disorders have also been linked to back pain.
Sign And Symptoms of low back pain:
The main symptom of back pain is a Back pain around the back, and sometimes all the way down to the buttocks and legs also called sciatica pain.
Some back referred pain can cause pain in other parts of the body, depending on the nerves affected.
Following are associated Symptoms with Back Pain :
Few or More Symptoms May Be Associated According To Diagnosis Of Low Back Pain.
- Para-spinal Muscle Spasm
- Tenderness Over Lower Lumbar Spine
- Difficult to sit for long periods
- Difficulties in sitting from lying down
- Difficulties in lifting objects from ground floor.
- Sudden weight loss
- fever
- inflammation or swelling on the back
- Radiating Pain in Bilateral Or Unilateral Lower Limb.
- persistent back pain, where lying down or resting does not help
- a recent injury, blow or trauma to the back
- Bladder-Bowel urinary incontinence or difficulty urinating
- Tingling numbness around the genitals
- weakness in lower Limb.
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